In a letter dated 18 August 2020 to the European Commission, ESMA sets out its recommendations for changes that could be made to the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) framework as part of the Commission’s review of the AIFMD. ESMA recommends changes in 19 areas including harmonising the AIFMD and UCITS regimes; delegation and substance; liquidity management tools; leverage; the AIFMD reporting regime and data use; and the harmonisation of supervision of cross-border entities. Many of ESMA’s recommendations would also require consideration of changes to the UCITS regulatory framework.